|
|
|
MARTIAL ARTS INSTRUCTION MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
PLEASE ENJOY THE USE OF OUR DATABASE |
|
Discipline, Dedication and Duty are the foundations of your art.
We will train our hearts and bodies for a firm unshaken spirit, that never fights in anger, never strikes with malice.
We will pursue the true meaning of the martial way, so that in time, our senses may be alert.
With true vigour we will seek to cultivate a true spirit of self denial.
We will observe the rules of courtesy, respect our superiors, and never forget the virtue of humility.
Success is only appreciated after failure, and it takes a small mind to brag of a small skill.
We will look upwards to wisdom and strength, to subdue the enemy without fighting is the highest skill.
Remember little effort produces little achievement and the most difficult opponent to conquer is yourself.
All our lives, throughout the discipline of karate, we will seek to fulfil the true meaning of the way.
Age uke: Rising block. Also known as a high or upper block.
Ai: Translated as "harmony," this term is most commonly associated with aikido, where one combined their energy with that of their opponents.
Aiki: "Harmony meeting." When one combines an opponents' energy with their own for control.
Aikido: A martial art developed by Uyeshiba Morihei in the 1930's. Based on aikijutsu, aikido is considered a non-aggressive art, using the opponents' energy against them.
Aikijutsu: "Technique of harmonious spirit." A branch of ancient jujutsu from which aikido was developed.
Aite: "Opponent" or "partner." An adversary in a contest.
Aiuchi: "Mutual striking down or simultaneous point." A simultaneous score by both competitors in the sport aspects of Japanese martial arts.
Antei: "Balance," "stability," or "equilibrium."
Anyo: "Form." Dance-like techniques practiced in the Filipino art of arnis.
Ap Chagi: "Front kick." Also known as apcha busigi (front snap kick.).
Ap: Front.
Arbir: An Indonesian halberd weapon of pentjak-silat approximately five feet in length that features a hallow groove in the plane of the blade running the length of the shaft.
Arnis: "Harness of the hand." A Filipino martial art, also known as eskrima and kali, centring around stick, blade and empty hand combat.
Ashi: Leg or foot
Ashi barai: Leg sweep. Also known as ashi harai.
Ashi gatami: Leg lock.
Ashi ate: Foot strikes" or "leg strikes."
Ashi no ura: Sole of the foot.
Ashi sabaki: Foot work" or "foot movement."
Ashi waza: Foot techniques.
Atama: Head, or more specifically, top of the head.
Ate: Striking. To strike.
Atemi: Body striking.
Au: To encounter an opponent in any Japanese martial arts contest.
Badik: A Malaysian dagger shaped like butterfly whose straight blade bears one sharp edge.Bajutsu: Japanese art of horsemanship. Also known as jobajutsu.
Bal: Foot.
Balisong: A knife produced in the Philippines. Also known as a "butterfly knife."
Bandesh: An ancient form of Indian fighting whose principle tenet is to defeat an armed enemy without killing him.
Bando: A Burmese method of armed and unarmed combat composed of karate-like striking and kicking, judo-like throws, stick fighting, swordplay, and knife and spear fighting.
Banjang: A West Javanese style of gulat.
Banshay: A Burmese martial art, influenced by both Chinese and Indian sources, which embraces the use of such weapons as the sword, staff and spear.
Basho: Grand sumo tournaments scheduled six times each year in Japan.
Baston: A wooden or rattan stick or cane of varying lengths used in the Filipino martial arts.
Bastonero: Students and practitioners of anis de mano.
Beladau: A Sumatran curved dagger with a convex blade.
Bersilat: A Malaysian martial art embracing both empty-hand and weapons techniques.
Binot: An ancient Indian form of weapon less fighting employed wrestling techniques against both armed and unarmed assailants.
Bisento: A spear-like weapon with a blade resembling a scimitar affixed to its end. This weapon is extremely heavy, and was used to cut through armour and/or to cut down a horse in combat. The bisento was used by the ninja of feudal Japan.
Bo: A wooden staff approximately six feet long. It is one of the five weapons systematized by the early Okinawan developers of te (hand), and originated with the poles used by farm people to balance heavy loads across the shoulders.
Bogu: Protective equipment of non metallic materials used in several styles of Japanese karate, primarily for competitive sparring.
Bojutsu: An armed defence system centring around the use of the bo. It was developed from Japanese lance and spear techniques.
Bokken: A wooden sword used by the Japanese feudal warrior as a practice weapon. The bokken went on to become an effective battlefield weapon.
Bong: See "bo."
Bu: "Military" or "warrior." A concept denoting the entire military dimension of feudal Japan.
Buddhism: A religious doctrine, one branch of which - the Chan school, or Zen - is closely connected to the practice of the martial arts.
Budo: "Military way" or "way of fighting." A generic term encompassing all of the Japanese martial arts, which are largely 20th century offspring stemming from concepts that can first be positively identified about the mid-18th century.
Budoka: Any follower of the budo doctrine belonging to such arts as aikido, judo, kendo and karate.
Bugei: A generic term encompassing older Japanese martial arts which applies specifically to those principles used by the samurai, or bushi, whose occupation was called bugei.
Bujin: A name for the martial arts expert. Translated as" military person" or "warrior person."
Bujutsu: "Military arts." A collective term for all the Japanese arts practiced by the samurai.
Buke: Samurai. Translated as "person or military".
Bunkai: Analysis." The detailed study martial arts techniques.
Bushi: "Military person," "warrior," or "samurai." A term for the Japanese warrior which was changed to samurai in the 15th century.
Bushido: A strict code of ethical behaviour followed by the samurai. Bushido was formulated during the Tokugawa Era (1603 - 1868) of Japan. The premise of the code was to advise a samurai how to conduct himself in battle and how to find a meaningful place in a peacetime society.
Capoeira: A Brazilian form of combat adapted by African slaves to fight oppression. Capoeira is dance-like, and many believe it was developed this way to be disguised as a dance to the slave owners.
Cha chuan: A northern Chinese form of kung fu developed from 14th to 17th century by Muslims of Sinkiang, Chinghai, and Kansu, in the west and south of China. In this system, practitioners fight from long range using high, long leaps to close the gap.
Chi: "Spirit," "air," "breath," or "spirit energy." A biophysical energy generated through breathing techniques studied in kung fu. Ideally, chi can infuse a person with tremendous vitality and make him or her extremely powerful in action, much more so than power developed through the muscular system alone.
Chiang: "Spear." One of the major Chinese weapons practiced in wushu.
Chiburi :"Removing blood from the sword." In iaido (way of the sword), a sharp downward stroke of the sword done in such a way as to shake off the blood accumulated from previous cutting actions.
Chikara: "Strength" or "power."
Chi Kung: A breathing exercise that cultivates chi and transmits it to all the bodily organs. Known in ancient China as "the method to repel illness and prolong life."
Chikuto: See "shinai."
Chimpan: The referee of a match. Also known as "shimban," "sinban, or "shimpan."
Ching lo: Acupuncture’s twelve meridians of the body on which the key points of treatment lie and which are associated with the vital organs.
Ching Shien: Spirit of vivacity in the Chinese martial arts.
Chi sao: "Sticking hands." An exercise used in Wing Chun kung fu that develops sensitivity to the hands and arms.
Chong bong: See "bo."
Choong dan: "Middle" or "centre." Region of the body from the neck to the waist, used to explain target areas.
Choong sim: Centre of gravity.
Cho wa: In the Japanese martial arts, the harmonious mental and physical reaction while at practice.
Choy li fut: One of the most popular southern Chinese kung fu systems. Choy li fut is essentially a long-range form of Chinese boxing that relies heavily on strong horse stances and graceful yet dynamic long-handed techniques.
Chuan: A general term used loosely to refer to a system of boxing, although it does not apply to any specific style.
Chuan fa: The major Chinese precursor of karate. Most forms of 20th century chuan fa are said to be descendents of Ch'ueh Yuan's "170 hand and foot positions."
Chudan: See "choong dan."
Chui: "Warning." Admonition by a referee in a match, short of actual penalty.
Chuken: The middle of the five players on a kendo team.
Chung do kwan: "Blue wave school." A Korean form of empty hand fighting founded by Won Kook Lee in 1945.
Chung ga: "Augment."
Chunin: "Middle person." The second of three ninja military ranks designating the leader of a group of ninja on assignment. Those led by chunin were the genin;
those who obtained the assignment were the jonin.
Corno Breton: Also known as Cornish wrestling, this form of grappling is very similar to Japanese judo. The most significant difference is that a wrestler is not permitted to go to the ground with an opponent, but must make the throw while standing.
Dachi: Stance.
Daisan: The completed drawing phase of kyudo.
Daisho: "Big and small." Two swords, one long and the other short, worn by the samurai class in feudal Japan.
Daito: A long sword, whose cutting edge, was over 24 inches in length, as contrasted with such shorter swords as the wakizashi (18 inches.)
Dan: A term used in the Japanese martial arts anyone who has achieved the rank of at least first-degree black belt.
Danjun: Part of the body just below the navel which is believed to be the source of ki.
Dayang: The female black belt ranks in the Filipino art arnis de mano.
Deru pon: A term used to denote the winning of a judo contest in the opening seconds before a contestant has had time to adjust him or herself, or even grasped the opponent's jacket.
Deshi: "Disciple" or "student."
Djuroes: Dance like fighting movements used in the Indonesian martial arts, similar to karate katas.
Do: "Way" or "path." When this term is used as a suffix to a particular style of the Japanese martial arts, it is indicitive of more than just a means of combat. Do indicates a discipline and philosophy with moral and spiritual connotations, with the ultimate aim being enlightenment.
Dobak: Korean term for a martial arts uniform.
Dogi: Japanese term for a martial arts uniform.
Dogu: Tools, equipment, or instruments used in martial arts practice.
Dohyo: A circular ring, fifteen feet in diameter, in which sumo contests are conducted.
Dohyo iri: The ceremonial entry of the sumo champions into the arena.
Dojang: "Training hall" or "gymnasium." Any facility in which the Korean martial arts are practiced.
Dojo: "The place of the way." A training hall or gymnasium where Japanese martial arts are practiced.
Doshu: Master" or "master of the way."
Dumog: An early form of wrestling practiced by Filipino natives.
Eishin ryu: The combat style of iaijutsu that embraces numerous kata .
Eku:" Oar." A weapon developed by Okinawan farmers.
Embujo: A place of exhibition or athletic performances where martial arts events are often staged.
Encho: "Continuation" or "extension." The overtime period of a match.
Enteki: The art of long-distance archery.
Eri: Lapel.
Eri katsu: The lapel method of resuscitation used in judo.
Fari Gatka: An Indian form of fencing centred around shields (fari) and swords (gatka). The gatka is a three foot, leather-covered stick. The fari, nine inches in diameter, is also leather bound. To score points the stick must simply touch the vital points designated on the opponent's body.
Fou Tou Ou: A sword used in kung fu, known as the "hook and crescent" sword.
Fu: The battle axe.
Fu antei: A judo term denoted instability or lack of balance.
Fuchi: The metal sleeve located at the base of the handle next to the guard of a samurai sword.
Fukai: To hold strongly.
Fukiya: Pins and poison darts shot through a blowgun.
Fukubu: A target area in karate including the whole of the front torso.
Fu jya: A hard and soft style of kung fu.
Gake: Hooking action used in some ankle and sacrifice throws.
Gakko: School.
Ganmen: A target area in sport karate, including the head and face area.
Gatame: Locking or holding.
Gedan: A term often used in karate to pinpoint an area to be attacked. Usually refers to the lower trunk area.
Gekken: A name often used in place of Kendo during the Meiji era (1868 - 1912), especially by the military.
Genin: Ninja of the lowest rank who often carried out dangerous tasks.
Genseiryu: A style of karate characterized by tumbling and somersaults.
Geri: Kick.
Gi: A Japanese term for a martial arts uniform.
Gosoku: A modern system of karate founded by Tak Kubota of California.
Go ti: An ancient form of Chinese wrestling.
Gunbai: A rigid iron or wooden fan carried by generals in battle and used today by sumo referees as a symbol of authority.
Gung fu: The Cantonese pronunciation of kung fu.
Gyaku: "Reverse" or "opposite."
Hachimaki: "Head wrapping." A light cotton towel, also known as a tengui, wrapped around the forehead to restrict perspiration from running into the eyes and face.
Hajime: "Begin." Referee's command used to start a Japanese martial arts match.
Hakama: "Divided skirt." The skirt like trousers or culottes primarily worn in kendo, aikido, iaido, and sometimes the upper ranks of judo.
Hakko ryu: A form of jujutsu in which atemi (striking) techniques are emphasized.
Halberd: A shafted weapon with an axelike cutting blade, sometimes used to describe the Chinese quando.
Hanbo: A three foot wooden staff.
Han mu kwan: "Military arts school." A style of Korean karate.
Hanshi: "Master." A respected master, of Japanese martial disciplines, who is of eigth- to tenth-degree black belt rank, although not all masters receive this title.
Hansoku gachi: "Winner by violation." The decision awarded in a match when an opponent has violated the rules.
Hansokumake: "Loser by violation." A verdict against the loser when there has been a violation of the rules in a match.
Hantei: "Judgement" or "decision." A command by the referee to the judges to choose the winner of a match when neither contestant has scored or if the score is tied.
Hapkido: "way of coordinating power." A Korean martial art characterized by kicking without retraction and composed of three primary skills: non-resistance when meeting force, circular motion to countering and attacking, and the water principle - total penetration of an enemy's defences.
Hara: "Abdomen." Gravity and mass in the human body, traditionally considered in Eastern thought to be the seat of the soul and center of ki.
Haragei: The art of concentrating ki in the abdomen; disciplines focusing on developing the tanden.
Harai: "Sweep" or "sweeping."
Hara Kiri: Ritual Japanese suicide with a knife, practiced by the samurai warrior. This phrase is the informal word for seppuku.
Hata: "Flag." The flags used by referees or line persons to indicate scores, decisions, or jogai.
Hauri: Hip.
Hidari: Left or left side.
Hiji: Elbow. Also known as empi.
Hikiwake: "Draw" or "tie." Referee's term denoting a draw in a match.
Himm: "Force" or "power."
Hirate: Foreknuckle.
Hiza: Knee or lap.
Ho goo: Protective equipment worn by tae kwon do competitors to minimize injury while sparring.
Hohup: "Breathing."
Hojo jutsu: The art of tying. Techniques used to tie and immobilize a victim by means of a cord.
Hojutsu: The art of firearms or gunnery.
Hombu: "Headquarters." This term can be used to define any headquarters for a martial arts school.
Hop gar: A style of Chinese kung fu, also known as Lama, which is composed of twelve short-hand and twelve long-hand manoeuvres.
Hosin sul: Self-defence techniques.
Hsing i: "Form of mind." An internal system of kung fu emphasizing linear movement.
Hwa chuan: "Flowery hand system." A northern Chinese style of kung fu.
Hwarang:A band of Korean warriors who, much like the Japanese samurai, adhered to a strict philosophical and moral codes.
Hwarang do: "Way of the flower of manhood." A native Korean philosophical code similar to Japanese bushido and possessing a structured series of physical techniques that were advocated by warriors known as the hwarang.
Hyung: "Pattern," "form," or "mold." A series of prearranged offensive and defensive movements executed against imaginary attacking opponents. Also known as katas or poomse.
I: "Will," "mind," or "intent."Iai: "Swordplay." A sword exercise employing a series of thrusting and cutting techniques while drawing and returning the blade.
Iaido: "Way of the sword." The modern art of drawing the samurai sword from its scabbard.
Ibuki: "Breath control." Isotonic breathing exercises based on dynamic tension principles practiced in conjunction with, and also separate to, the execution of karate techniques.
In ibuki: "Passive" or "internal breathing." A soft-but-firm type of breathing that stems from deep in the abdomen. It is common to many different martial arts.
Isshin ryu: "One-heart method." founded by Tatsuo Shimabuku in 1954.
Jeet Kune Do: "Way of the intercepting fist." A collection of basic mental and physical concepts, observations of combat manoeuvres, and philosophies of attitude gathered and developed by the late Bruce Lee.
Jikan: "Time." A term used by the timekeepers at the beginning and end of a Japanese style match.
Jip joong: Concentration. "Power gathering." The act of breathing while meeting an opponent's attack in order to unify one's internal and external force
Jiyu: Freedom (of movement, et al).
Jo:"Staff. " A four foot long wooden staff.
Jodan: "Upward" or "upper level." A compound word fixed to the name of techniques in Japanese karate.
jodo: "Way of the stick." The Japanese method of stick fighting using a jo. Also known as jojutsu.
jogai: "Out of bounds." A term used by a referee to denote that either or both contestants are out of bounds.
Jojutsu:See "jodo."
Joseki: In a traditional Japanese dojo, the area where instructors often times line up and face the students at the beginning and end of each practice session. Jofu fa: An ancient form of Chinese combat that emphasized close-range grappling techniques.
Judo: "Gentle way." A Japanese art of self-defence and a sport with Olympic recognition. Judo is a method of turning an opponent's strength against them and overcoming them by skill rather than sheer strength.
Jujutsu: "Art of gentleness." Literally, the technique or the art of suppleness, gentleness. All of these terms, however, represent a single principle, a general method of applying a technique using the human body as a weapon in unarmed combat. Also known as jiu jitsu.
Jushin: Center of gravity
Jutsu: Art." A term linking a fighting method with the bugei, or martial isciplines of war, rather than with the sporting or aesthetic practices of modern Japan.
Jutte: A forked iron truncheon that can parry an attack by a sword.
Jutte jutsu: Art of the jutte
Kito ryu: One of the early jujutsu schools which especially influenced Jigoro Kano's formulation of Kodokan Judo.Kabuto: The helmet worn by the Japanese samurai. It was made of iron or laquered leather, and was secured to the head by a series of silk cords.
Kachi: "Win" or "victory. "
Kachinuki shiai: A type of contest in which a contestant takes on each opponent in succession without rest between matches until he or she is defeated. Each win counts as one, and a draw counts as one-half but eliminates both contestants.
Kagi yari: "Key spear." A hooked spear used for parrying and hooking an opponent's weapon. Like the jutte, it was useful to the police in making arrests.
Kaiken: "Short knife." A six-inch knife used by women of the samurai class.
Kajukenbo:A hybrid method of combat founded in Hawaii in 1997 by experts Walter Choo, Joseph Holke, Frank Ordonez, Adriano Emperado, and ClarenceChang.
Kakato: Heel of the foot.
Kakup:Rank.
Kalari Payat: An ancient form of Indian combat embracing hand-to-hand techniques and weapons such as the staff and daggers.
Kama: A farming sickle that farmers in Okinawa converted to a weapon to combat the oppressing Japanese military.
Kamae: "Attitude" or "posture." The stances; a general term found in all of the Japanese disciplines.
Kama yari: A spear to which a single-edged, sickle-shaped blade is attached.
Kamiza: "Divine seat" or "upper seat." The area at the front of the dojo where the instructors and honored guests sit.
Kang fa: "Hard method." A ancient art of Chinese boxing that concentrated on kicking and thrusting techniques.
Kan shu: "Penetration hand." A Chinese training method in which a practitioner thrusts his or her hands into powder, then rice, sand, beans, and finally pebbles, to condition the limbs for striking.
Kanzashi: "Hairpin." An ornamental hairpin used for self-protection by the women of feudal Japan.
Karate: "Empty hand" or "China hand." An unarmed method punch, strike, kick or block.
Karateka: A karate practitioner.
Kashira:"Pommel cap" or "ferrule." A metal cap covering the tip of the hilt of Japanese swords, daggers and so forth.
Kata: A series of prearranged maneuvers practiced in many of the Oriental martial arts in order for one to become proficient in techniques.
Katana: "Sword." A Japanese sword, with a curved, single-edged blade twenty-four to thirty-six inches long.
Kendo: "The way of the sword." The modern art and sport of Japanese fencing. The object of a kendo contest is to deliver scoring cuts to an opponent's predetermined target areas.
Kenjutsu: "Art of the sword." An aggressive method of swordsmanship practiced by the Japanese feudal warriors in which the combatants pitted naked blade against naked blade.
Kenkyaku: "Fencer." One of many words used to describe those who lived by the sword, especially in literary usage.
Kenpo: "Fist method." A modern term describing one of the more innovative martial arts practiced in Hawaii and the Americas, developed by Ed Parker.
Keri: Kick.
Ki: "Spirit." Ideally, the mental and spiritual power summoned through concentration and breathing that can be applied to accomplish physical feats. This centralized energy, possessed by every person, can be manifested through the practice of just about any martial discipline.
Kiai: "Spirit meeting." A loud shout or yell of self-assertion most common to the Japanese and Okinawan martial disciplines.
Kihap: See "ki."
Kihon: "Basics" or "basic training." In karate, the repetition of the fundamental techniques.
Kiritsuki: "Cut and thrust." The cutting action of the sword.
Kobudo: "Weapons way." A generic term coined in the 20th century, which can be used to describe collectively all Okinawan combative weapon arts. However, it is more accurate to specify "Okinawan kobudo" in order to distinguish them from "Japanese kobudo."
Kodachi: "Small sword." A forerunner of the wakizashi, that boasts a blade between twelve and eighteen inches.
Kodansha: A high-ranking Judo black belt of fifth degree and above.
Kogusoku: An ancient method of unarmed combat mentioned in connection with kumiuchi and sumo in the oldest records of the Japanese martial arts.
Kohai: A junior in a school or organization.
Kojiri: The chape or end cap of the scabbard of a samurai sword.
Kokyu: "Breathing" or "ki."
Koshi: Ball of the foot, or the hip(s).
Kuen: See"kata."
Kuan tao: A method of Chinese boxing practiced in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
Kuji kiri: "Energy channeling." A hypnotic movement of the fingers used by the ninja to confuse their opponents. Known as mudras in Sanskrit.
Kumite: Sparring.
Kumiuchi:"Grappling." Wrestling techniques originally used by the samurai on the battlefield and which gave birth to jujutsu.
Kuneh: Bowing.
Kung fu: A generic term for a majority of the Chinese martial arts. Kung fu has two major divisions. The southern styles display a clear preference for techniques of strength and power, whereas the northern styles employ soft, open movement.
Kup: The grade levels below black belt in the Korean martial arts.
Kupso: The vital points of the body.
Kusari fundo: A small chain with weighted ends.
Kwonbop: A Chinese method of unarmed combat that spread to and was popularized in Korea between A.D. 147 - 1170.
Kwoon: A facility in which the Chinese martial arts are practiced.
Kyubo: Chest area.
Kyoshi: A Japanese martial arts teacher who is sixth- or seventh-degree black belt rank.
Kyu: A rank designation signifying a level of achievement below black belt or dan rank in the Japanese martial arts.
Kyudo: "Way of the bow." The modern Japanese practice of archery as a discipline of coordinated integration. Kyudo's basis is the clarity of execution, the poise, and the control over the bow.
Lakan: The male black belt rank in the Filipino art of arnis.
Lima Lama: "Hand of wisdom." An American martial art of Polynesian descent, which is composed of a combination of movements stemming from thirteen various Polynesian martial arts.
Liu gar: A basic southern style of Chinese kung fu centred around close-range fighting.
Lua: "Bone breaking." The native martial art of Hawaii, now extinct, which was similar to Japanese jujutsu.
Maai: The distance between two opponents.
Mae: "Front" or "forward."
Mairi: Tapping with the hand to signify submission.
Makeru: To lose or be defeated.
Makiwara: A karate training post designed for toughening various striking points.
Marki: Block.
Master: A title bestowed on a martial artist who has attained advanced rank after long years of study.
Mate: "Wait" or "stop."
Meijin: "Expert." One who has mastered an art far beyond the boundaries of physical prowess.
Mekugi:A bamboo pin used to secure the handle of a samurai sword to the blade.
Men: The head protector used in kendo.
Menkyo kaiden:A certificate of full proficiency in a Japanese martial art, usually awarded to an advanced student deemed more suited to carry on the translation of the art.
Menuki: Hilt ornaments of a samurai sword.
Mi: The blade of a knife or sword.
Migi: "Right" or "right side."
Mi tsung i: "Labyrinth art." A highly deceptive method of kung fu featuring rapid, baffling turns and attacks.
Mizugumo: "Water spider." A water-crossing device used by the ninja and composed of four carved pieces of wood fastened together to form a circle with a hole in the middle.
Mizukaki: A web like device used by the ninja. They were placed on the feet during swimming. Similar to present day flippers.
Mizu no kokoro: "Mind like water." A psychological principle of the martial arts emphasizing the need to calm the mind, much like the surface of undisturbed water, while facing an opponent.
Modotte: A command for returning to the original position, used in competition.
Mokpyo: "Striking point" or "target." Weak areas of the body that can be effectively struck or kicked.
Mokusoh: "Quiet thought." A quiet form of meditation usually performed before and after a training session in the Japanese martial arts.
Moo duk kwan: "Institute of military virtue." A style of Korean martial arts similar to Tae Kwon Do.
Motonoichi: "Return to the original position." A command used by a referee during a karate match.
Mu: "Nothing." The Zen nothingness or emptyness. This principle is often used in the Japanese martial arts to make one clear in the mind of all thought so the body will respond instantly to any situation.
Mudansha: A martial arts student who has not yet attained the rank of black belt.
Mui fa jeong: "Plum flower stumps." A series of tree stumps driven into the ground on top of which certain styles practice kung fu.
Mune: Chest or abdomen in arnis, usually about three feet in length.
Myung chi: Solar plexus.
Nage: Throw.Nagare: Flow.
Naginata: "Reaping sword." A curved-blade spear, once used by Japanese monks and samurai. It is approximately seven feet in length including the blade. Many women of the samurai class became adept at the use of this weapon.
Naiwan: Inner arm.
Nakago: The tang; that portion of the sword blade to which the hilt is attached.
Naotte: A command to be at ease or relax.
Narande: A command to line up.
Neikya: An advanced system of combat developed from Korean kwonbop.
Ninja: "Stealer in." Japanese warriors most associated but sadly stereotyped with spying, infiltration and assassination. They became legends in their time, supposedly capable of disappearing into thin air and turning into animals.
Ninjutsu: The art practiced by the ninja of feudal Japan.
: "Big" or "great."Obi: Belt.
Odachi: See "tachi."
Omote: "Front" or "obvious."
Oni ken: Extended knuckle fist.
Orei: "Respect" or "etiquette." A expression of formal greeting in karate.
O sensei: "Great teacher." The honorific prefix "O" attached the word sensei indicates respect and acknowledgement of the chief instructor of a system most commonly associated with Funakoshi Gichin, when associated with karate.
Otoshi: Drop.
.Pai shih: A ceremony for a kung fu novice denoting his acceptance as a disciple.
Pa kua: "Eight trigrams." One of three internal methods of kung fu. It is composed of various circling and linear postures named after and based on the movements of the snake, stork, dragon, hawk, lion, monkey and bear.
Pankration: "Game of all powers." An early Greek sport developed as a combination of earlier native forms of boxing and wrestling.
Parroh: "Return." A Korean command used in formal class to return to a ready stance.
Peichin: An Okinawan feudal title bestowed upon a Samurai by a lord for distinguished services rendered.
Penchak: "Evasion" or "warding off." An unarmed Indonesian martial art similar to a two-person dance.
Pentjak: One of numerous terms used to indicate Indonesian unarmed combat
Quando: See"bisento"
Randori: Free sparring.
Rei: A command to bow.
Renmei: A federation, league, or union of Japanese martial arts clubs.
Renshu: Practice or training period.
Renzuki: Continuous attack.
Riken: Backfist.
Ritsurei: Standing bow.
Rokushakubo: See "bo."
Ryu: "Way," "school," or "method." A term used as a suffix after almost all styles of Japanese and Okinawan martial arts. Ryu basically means a formalized Martial tradition under an established teacher and school.
Sabom: "Teacher" or "instructor."Sai: A pronged truncheon about fifteen to twenty inches long, used as a defensive instrument against various weapons such as the sword. It was developed from an Okinawan farming tool.
Samurai: The swordsmen of feudal Japan who were impeccable at a wide variety of martial arts practices, particularly the sword, and served lord and fief. Masterless samurai were known as "ronin."
Sangdan: "Upper" or "upper level." A directional term used in Korean martial arts.
Sankukai: A style of karate based on a combination of other systems, with an emphasis on escape techniques and aikido-like defences.
Sappo: A method of attacking vital points of the body causing coma or death.
Savate: French hand and foot fighting Always to the knockout.
Saya: The scabbard of a samurai sword.
Seika tanden: Lower abdomen.
Seiken: Forefist.
Seishin: "Mind," "soul," or "spirit."
Seito: "Pupil" or "student."
Seiza: "Correct sitting." A full kneeling position used in many martial arts when performing the ceremonial bow or receiving formal instruction.
Sempai: "Senior." Usually denotes any senior by age, rank, or position
Sen i: "Fighting will" or "fighting spirit."
Seppa: The washers above and below the tsuba of a samurai sword.
Shaolin: "Young forest" or "small forest." A method of kung fu based on eight postures and five animal forms: dragon, snake, tiger, crane and leopard.
Shejak: Begin.
Shiai: A competitive match between Japanese martial artists.
Shibum: Demonstration.
Shihan: Master teacher.
Shihap: A bout or match.
Shikko: "Knee walking." A method of moving forward while keeping one knee constantly on the ground. Knee walking was originally a polite way of moving in a house, especially before a lord.
Shime: Choke.
Shimoseki :"Lower seat." In a traditional Japanese dojo, the area where students line up and face their instructor(s). Also known as "shimoza."
Shinken: "Real sword." An actual life or death encounter.
Shintai: "Stopped mind." A condition in which one remains exclusively defensive.
Shisei: "Posture" or "stance."
Shitahara: Lower abdomen.
Shito ryu: Is one of the four major Japanese karate systems.
Shizentai: "Natural position." An encompassing term for numerous karate stances in which the body remains relaxed but alert.
Shomen: "Front" or "forward." Often refers to the front wall of a dojo.
Shoshinsha: "Novice" or "beginner." Any unranked Japanese martial artist.
Shotei: Palm heel.
Shotokan: A popular Japanese karate system founded by Gichin Funakoshi and influenced directly by the Okinawan style of Shuri-te. Funakoshi is considered to be the father of modern karate.
Shuai chiao: Along with chin na, this form of Chinese wrestling possibly influenced the formation of Japanese jujutsu.
Shubaku: A system of empty-hand combat similar to jujutsu which is considered the forerunner of judo.
Shuko: A type of feudal age brass knuckle used by the ninja. Besides the small metal plate that slipped over the knuckles, the shuko had spikes extending from the palm so an enemy's face could be raked. It was also useful for gripping when climbing walls.
Shuriken: Bladed instruments commonly used as throwing weapons by the ninja.
Shuri te: One of the three original Okinawan karate schools, which derived its name from the city where it originated.
Shushin: The chief referee in a judo or karate match.
Shuto: "Knife hand" or "sword hand."
Sifu: "Teacher" or "instructor."
Simsa: Test.
Sogi: Stance or position.
Sokodo: Speed.
Sokim: "Fake" or "feint."
Sokuto: Foot edge or knife foot.
Sondabak: Palm.
Sondung: Backhand.
Soto: "Outside," "outer," or "exterior."
Sparring: A form of martial arts training which simulates actual combat.
Staff: See "bo."
Sudo: Knife hand.
Suki: "Opening." A gap in an opponent's defense or technique.
Sumo: A Japanese form of grappling in which the participants are of gigantic proportions. Victory is gained by forcing the opponent out of the ring or by forcing him to touch the floor with any part of his upper torso.
Sumotori: Sumo wrestlers.
Sutemi: Sacrifice.
Tachi: A Japanese long sword worn slung from a sword belt. Like the katana, the tachi had a single-edged curved blade.
Tachi rei: "Standing bow." A salutation common to numerous Japanese martial arts.
Tae kwon do: "Way of hands and feet." The primary form of Korean unarmed combat, named during a conference of chung do kwan masters in 1955. It is considered the most popular martial art in the world.
Tai chi chuan: "Grand ultimate fist." An internal system of kung fu, also called soft boxing, characterized by its deliberately slow, continuous, circular, well-balanced and rhythmic movements.
Taijutsu: "Body art." A generic term for a system of empty-hand combat.
Tai sabaki: "Body movement."
Taisho: The captain of a team.
Tanden: Abdomen.
Tang soo do: "Art of the Chinese hand." A Korean combative differing only slightly from Tae Kwon Do. Made famous by Mr. Chuck Norris.
Tan tien: "Sea of chi." The psychic centre located just below the naval, which protects the centre of gravity and produces a reservoir of force upon which to draw. Also known as "tan den."
Tanto: A Japanese dagger with a blade eight to sixteen inches long and carried by the samurai in addition to the katana.
Tashi: "Expert." An expert of Japanese martial arts who is of third- to fourth-degree black belt. All belts within this category, however, do not receive this title.
Tatami: "Straw mat." A mat usually measuring six feet and three inches thick (with bound straw inside).
Tate: Vertical fist
Tatte: A command to stand up from a kneeling position.
Tetsubishi: A four-pointed caltrop used by the ninja to slow down a pursuer. No matter which way a tetsubishi landed one sharp point always protruded upward.
Tetsubo: "Iron staff." A weapon used by the samurai from either a horse-mounted or ground position.
Te: Hand.
Three sect. staff:A Chinese weapon of three rods connected by chain or rope.
Ti: Belt.
Tjabang: An iron truncheon similar to the Okinawan sai.
Tobu: An expression referring to the head area except the face.
Tomoe: "Circular" or "stomach."
Tonfa: "Handle." An old Okinawan farming tool developed as a weapon by Okinawan farmers.
Tsuba: The guard of a samurai sword.
Tsuka: The handle of a samurai sword.
Tsuki: Thrust.
Tsuzukete: "Continue." Denotes a scoreless exchange up to that point.
."Uchi: Strike.
Uchi deshi: "Apprentice." An old Japanese practice where a student was apprenticed to a martial arts master order to become an instructor in turn.
Ude: Forearm or arm.
Uechi ryu: An Okinawan style of karate founded by Kanbum Uechi. It is characterized by linear patterns and forceful breathing.
Uke: "Receiver." The partner upon whom the technique is executed.
Ukemi: "Break falling." The art of using shock-dispersing action such as rolls and break falls to avoid injury when falling.
Ura: "Reverse," "hiding," or "rear."
Uraken: Reverse fist.
Ura zuki: Reverse punch.
Ushiro: "Back," "rear," or "behind."
Utsu: To strike or to hit.
Uye: "Up" or "upward
V There are no terms for the letter v at this time.
X There are no terms for the letter x at this time.Wa: "Accord." An ancient Japanese term for harmony, accord, and coordination.
Wado ryu: "Way of peace." A Japanese style of karate developed from jujutsu and earlier karate styles. It is one of the four major karate systems practiced in the world today.
Waki: "Side" or "flank."
Wakizashi: "Short sword." The shorter of the samurai's two swords, with a blade of sixteen to twenty-three inches long.
Waza: Technique.
Wing chun: "Beautiful springtime." A form of Chinese kung fu that centers around strong linear punches and centerline movement.
Wushu: "War arts." A highly gymnastic, traditional sport-like artform characterized by several styles.
Yang: "Active" or "positive." In ying-yang theory, the positive aspect associated with what is described as centrifugal, expansive and extroversive.
Yikwon: Backfist.
Yin: "Passive" or "negative." One of the fundamental metaphysical elements of yin-yang whose balance is believed to be the center of existence.
Yoko: "Side" or "lateral."
Yok sudo: Ridge hand.
Yonsok: Combination.
Zazen: "Sitting meditation." The meditative posture and exercise of the Zen school.
Zen: The discipline of enlightenment related to the Buddhist doctrine that emphasizes meditation, discipline, and the direct transmission of teachings from master to student.
Zenshin: The entire human body.
A kiai is done by quickly exhaling, and at the same time making a one syllable sound. "I", "HI" and "EE" would be good sounds to use for a kiai. You want your kiai to be as short but loud as possible. However, a kiai should not be confused with a yell. A well executed kiai will not cause the throat to feel to raw, as yelling would. When done properly, the kiai does three things.
It should "psych" you up. Think of it as talking to yourself before the big fight. The kiai should get your adrenaline going. |
| one | ichi | eleven | ju ichi |
| two | ni | twelve | ju ni |
| three | san | thirteen | ju san |
| four | shi | fourteen | ju shi |
| five | go | fifteen | ju go |
| six | roku | sixteen | ju roku |
| seven | shichi | seventeen | ju shichi |
| eight | hachi | eighteeen | ju hachi |
| nine | ku | nineteen | ju ku |
| ten | ju | twenty | ni ju |
|
VITAL POINTS OF THE HUMAN BODY |
|
|
|
|
